A study on Algerian patients

Changes in food intake and plasma lipids in patients with coronary heart disease treated by angioplastry

Objective
To assess the effect of dietary intake on cardiovascular morbidity from changes in blood lipids concentration, 24 Algerian patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), treated with angioplastry, were investigated.
 
2 women and 22 men with a mean age of 55±9 years and body mass index of 26±3 were studied. 20 control subjects were used as reference, there were 5 women and 15 men with a mean age of 50±8 years and body mass index of 24±2.
 
The dietary survey carried with a 24h dietary recall showed that patients had a total energy intake (TEI) of 9 MJ/day, compared to 7.5 MJ/day in controls. Compared to controls and the Mediterranean diet, high protein intake was noted in patients (20% of TEI) and was characterized by an important animal protein intake (52% of total protein intake). Complex carbohydrates represented 78% of total glucids intake, however low fibers intake was found in patients compared to controls (26 vs 31 g/day). Patients had high cholesterol (326 vs 192 mg/day) and saturated fatty acids intake (36% vs 30% of lipid intake), however, low monounsaturated fatty acids consumption was noted (29% vs 42% of lipid intake). Serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides concentrations were higher in patients than in controls (P<0,001). However, hypertriglyceridemia was moderate (1.91±1.02 vs 0.14±0.04 mmol/L, P<0,001) compared with developed countries' homologous values. Apo A-I values were reduced by 59% in patients (P<0.001). Lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations were elevated in patients (45±10 vs 18±4 mg/dL, P<0.001). Significant C-HDL² decrease and C-LDL increase were noted in patients compared to controls (P<)>))1). TC/C-LDL ratio was normal whereas TC/C-HDL ratio was significantly elevated in patients than in controls (15±9 vs 1.5±0.10, P<0.001).
 
In conclusion, patients with CHD treated by angioplastry are characterized by the unbalanced dietary consumption with high energy, cholesterol and saturated fatty acids intake involving atherogenic lipid profile in spite of angioplastry. Patients could benefit from a Mediterranean dietary prescription for management of dyslipidemia after coronary revascularisation.

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